Why does climate change matter?

As the earth heats up, it changes wind and ocean patterns. This upsets the weather we’ve built farms and cities around for the last 6000 years. Places all around the world are experiencing some change in rainfall or temperature. In many places, these changes are extreme. Almost every child in South Asia is exposed to overlapping climate and environmental hazards, shocks, and stresses.

1. Floods and Landslides: A hotter ocean causes more evaporation, meaning clouds pick up more water before dumping it on the land, leading to stronger rains. During the 2021 monsoon, rainfall in Nepal had increased by around 15%. In the Himalayas, melting snow and glaciers can also lead to floods.
2. Heatwaves: Heatwaves and humid heat stress will be more intense and frequent during the 21st century in all of South Asia, impacting the health of children. As an example, on a day in March 2021, Delhi recorded the highest temperature in 76 years.
3. Sea Level Rise: Sea level could rise by about half a meter by 2100 even if greenhouse gas emissions are sharply reduced or rise up to 1 meter if greenhouse gas emissions continue to increase. Island states like the Maldives are strongly impacted and are in danger of disappearing fully.
4. Droughts: If rain is falling in once place, it’s not falling in another. As rainfall patterns change, many places are experiencing drought. For example, changes to the monsoon can lead to floods in Asia and drought in Australia.

Too much rain drowns crops, too little causes drought. More heat leads to pests and diseases that kill crops and livestock. All of this means more hunger.

As the ice caps over Greenland and Antarctica melt, they raise the level of the sea. Water expands when hot, so rising sea levels are also due to a larger ocean. Low lying nations like the Maldives and Bangladesh are particularly at risk. The hot ocean cannot store the carbon dissolved in it (think of the bubbles that form when you boil water) so as it gets warmer it releases more carbon, and speeding up climate change even more.

As temperatures get warmer, heat-loving insects like mosquitoes can travel further, bringing diseases like malaria, dengue and zika to more people. Climate change also causes deaths from heat stroke. The same fossil fuels and forest fires that cause climate change also increase air pollution, leading to cancer, heart disease, respiratory conditions, impaired brain development, and premature births.

As all of these problems get worse, people are forced to move in search of safety. In South Asia, families have already had to leave their homes due to climatic changes like sea level rise, floods, heatwaves or droughts. Especially in India, Nepal and Pakistan, natural disasters are causing migration. It is likely that competition over scarce resources, especially with more migration, will lead to new conflicts, and old ones breaking out again.

Humans and weather, like floods and fires, can ruin animal and plant habitats. Some animals need the cold to feed or breed, while others die in the heat. As the ocean heats, for example, corals begin to die. Coral is the backbone of the marine ecosystem. More than 60% of all animals have been wiped out by humans in the last 50 years.

At least 1 million species of animals and plants are threatened with extinction. This is not just bad for them, but bad for people, as we rely on healthy ecosystems. Insects pollinate our crops, millions of people rely on fish for food, many plants and animals produce medicine, and we all breathe oxygen from plants and algae.